Safin was born in Moscow, USSR (now Russia), to Mikhail Safin and Rauza Islanova, an ethnic Tatar family. Safin describes himself as a non-practicing Muslim.[4] He speaks Russian, English, and Spanish. His parents are former tennis players and coaches. His younger sister, Dinara Safina,[5] is a professional tennis player and silver medalist at the 2008 Olympic games in Beijing. Safin's father managed the local Spartak Tennis Club, where Safin trained in his youth alongside several tennis players, including Anna Kournikova, Elena Dementieva, and Anastasia Myskina.
At age 14 he moved to Valencia, Spain, to gain access to advanced tennis training programs which were not available in Russia.[6] Safin says he grew up "very fast ... with no muscles" and that he moved to Spain because clay courts were "better for the knees".[6] Safin speaks fluent Spanish as a result.
Safin started his professional career in 1997. In 1998, Safin consecutively defeated Andre Agassi and defending champion Gustavo Kuerten at the French Open.